1.我认为是完全倒装,正常句子应为：
More than 100 small regions are scattered around the glob.
现把全部谓语（包括状语）“are scattered around thet glob”（写成 scattered around the glob are ）放在主语 “more than 100 small regions”之前.这难道不是倒装?
一百多个小区域（被）分散在全球各处.
2.因为本句为被动态,只能用过去分词,现在分词、动名词自然不能用.
3.关于动名词和过去分词只能简单地说两句.
动名词的字形与现在分词完全一样,它一身兼有动词和名词两种性质,所以可以作主语、宾语（谓语动词、介词）、表语,同时它还可以有宾语：
Swimming strengthens our energy.
I like singing.
I am fond of dancing,too.
The bad deed is gambling（gambling 动名词）,（The bad man is gambling.现在分词）
This is the way of solving problems.（problems 是solving 的宾语）
We have the determination of completing the plan.(the plan 是 completing 的宾语）
过去分词兼有动词和形容词两种性质,在构成完成式、被动态中必须用到（不给例句了）.可以作形容词用.
The wounded sportsman can not walk now.受了伤的
He iwas in rather worn clothes 被磨损了的——破旧的
This is the book written by him.被他写
He handed me a parcel wraped up in an old newspaper.被包裹
在它包含的动词性中,是有被动和已经发生过的意思.
boiled water （被）煮开过的水——开水
the changed world 已经起了变化的世界
我想很多内容你都是已经知道的,恕我不多说了.