堆肥科学与技术第八章资料.ppt

第八章 堆肥工艺Composting technology 背景： 堆肥和环境 开展农业堆肥的影响因素 农业堆肥方法（On-farm composting methods）的分类 传统堆肥（Traditional） 快速堆肥（Rapid） A. TRADITIONAL METHODS Anaerobic Decomposition A.1 The Indian Bangalore method A.2 Passive Composting of Manure Piles Aerobic decomposition through Passive Aeration A.3 The Indian Indore method A.3.1 Pit method A.3.2 Heap method A.4 Chinese Rural Composting A.4.1 The pit method A.4.2 High temperature compost A. TRADITIONAL METHODS Large Scale Passive Aeration A.5 Windrow Composting A.5.1 Turned Windrows A.5.2 Passively aerated windrows B. RAPID COMPOSTING METHODS Shredding and Frequent Turnings B.1 The Berkley Rapid Composting Method Use of Mineral Nitrogen Activator B.2 North Dakota State University Hot Composting Use of Effective Micro-organisms (EM) B.3 EM based Quick Compost Production Process B. RAPID COMPOSTING METHODS Use of Cellulolytic Cultures B.4 IBS Rapid Composting Technology B.4.1 IBS Rapid Composting B.4.2 IBS Rapid Commercial Production B.4.3 Rapid Rice Straw Composting Use of Forced Aeration B.5 Aerated Static Pile B. RAPID COMPOSTING METHODS Controlled Systems with Forced Aeration and Accelerated Mechanical Turnings B.6 In-Vessel Composting B.6.1 Bin Composting B.6.2 Rectangular Agitated Beds B.6.3 Silos B.6.4 Rotating Drums B.6.5 Transportable Containers B. RAPID COMPOSTING METHODS Use of Worms B.7 Vermicomposting B.7.1 Vermicomposting in Philippines B.7.2 Vermicomposting in Cuba B.7.3 Vermiculture in India A.1 The Indian Bangalore Method 该方法以Acharya（1939）在印度的班加罗尔首次实施而得名，其主要以粪尿和垃圾为堆肥原料。该方法克服了Indore方法的许多不足之处，如在不利天气条件下对堆体的保护，由于大风/强光造成的养分流失，要求频繁的翻堆和蚊蝇滋扰等。但其耗时较长，适合在少雨的地区应用。 坑的制备 壕沟或土坑深挖大约1米, 土坑的长及宽度根据土地的类型和堆肥材料进行制定。堆坑地点的选择参考Indore方法。堆坑里应该有倾斜的墙壁以及呈现0.9米的斜底坡,防止渗水。 填坑 有机废物及粪便交替呈层放置。填满后,表层覆盖一层15-20厘米厚度的垃圾，之后再覆以一层土一方面保湿，另一方面防止蚊蝇滋生。无需翻堆和浇水静置三个月。在此期间,由于堆肥材料的分解和上层物料的压积堆体下沉。最初的约8到10天进行的是好氧堆肥,而后以非常慢的速度厌氧分解材料，大约需要6到8个月的时间去获得最终产品。 A.2 Passive Composting of Manure Piles 堆肥材料构建成简单的堆垛腐熟需很长时间，不需要过多的翻动和管理。不需考虑堆体是否有足够的空气以便进行好氧分解,如果没有足够的垫料做填充物时，所加