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Belowground Signaling and Defence in Host–Pythium Interactions

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Belowground Defence Strategies in Plants

Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM))

Abstract

Members of the genus Pythium interact with plants and microbial members of the rhizosphere using a variety of signaling mechanisms. Biochemical signaling has a role in pathogen–host specificity, host defence response induction, and antagonism between Pythium and biocontrol microorganisms. Pythium irregulare, P. aphanidermatum, and P. arrhenomanes are among the plant-pathogenic species that share a common mode of infection but vary in host range and virulence, possibly due to differences in nutrient acquisition and sensitivity to host and biocontrol interactions. Host innate immunity to Pythium is conferred by the jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (E) signal pathways in roots; triggers of these pathways include pathogen cell surface components, and metabolite and protein effectors. Roots also can mount chemical (metabolite-based) defences against specific Pythium spp., and, reciprocally, Pythium can degrade defence metabolites. In contrast, P. oligandrum is a mycoparasite of other Pythium species and also sends signals that trigger defence responses in plants. Interactions between plant-pathogenic Pythium and biocontrol bacteria have revealed additional complexities of belowground signaling. In this chapter, we summarize current knowledge about rhizosphere signaling between Pythium spp., other microbial community members, and plant roots in agricultural production venues, with emphasis on molecular mechanisms. We also report new findings for the role of JA-mediated defence in protection of tomato from P. aphanidermatum.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Nathalie Walter and Joe Hulbert for expert technical assistance, and Erin Rosskopf for the gift of P. aphanidermatum. This work was supported by grants 3019-3019-4564 and 3019-3564 from the Washington Wheat Commission and by USDA ARS Project Number 2090 22000 016 00D (P.O.) and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy (grant no. DE-FG02-91ER20021 (G.A.H.). G.A.H. also acknowledges support from the Michigan AgBioResearch Project MICL02278. References to a company and/or product by the USDA are only for the purposes of information and do not imply approval or recommendation of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. USDA is an equal opportunity employer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Root Disease Unit and Biological Control Research Unit, 6430, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA

    Patricia A. Okubara

  2. MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Jin-Ho Kang & Gregg A. Howe

  3. Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Jin-Ho Kang

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  1. Patricia A. Okubara
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Correspondence to Patricia A. Okubara .

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  1. CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

    Christine M.F. Vos

  2. CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

    Kemal Kazan

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Okubara, P.A., Kang, JH., Howe, G.A. (2016). Belowground Signaling and Defence in Host–Pythium Interactions. In: Vos, C., Kazan, K. (eds) Belowground Defence Strategies in Plants. Signaling and Communication in Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_8

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