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An assessment of the hydrogeochemistry of two wetlands located in Bihar State in the subtropical climatic zone of India

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Abstract

A total of 30 water samples and 8 sediment samples were collected and chemically analysed for major ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3 −, SO4 2−, Cl−, NO3 −, silica, PO4 3−, F−), trace elements (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu), minerals and nutrients to determine the factors that control the chemistry of water in the Kawar-Tal and Kusheshwar-Asthan wetlands in the Bihar State of India. These analyses indicate that Ca2+ and HCO3 − ions are the most dominant ions in both of the wetlands. It also indicates rock weathering is a major source of ions in these wetlands, particularly the dissolution of carbonate minerals. The hydrogeochemistry of water in Kusheshwar-Asthan is favouring kaolinite formation and in Kawar-Tal favouring kaolinite–gibbsite formation. Quartz (~36%), clay minerals (~21%) and chlorite (~10%) are the dominant minerals in both the wetlands. Orthoclase (~12.49%), calcite (~7.51%) and illite (4.89%) minerals are only available in Kawar-Tal surface sediment, while albite (6.29%) and biotite (~13.6%) minerals are only available in Kusheshwar-Asthan. Total carbon (~3%), inorganic carbon (0.9%), organic carbon (~2.1%), total sulphur (~0.0008%), nitrogen (~0.55%) and phosphate (~0.96%) are available in Kawar-Tal surface sediments, while total carbon (~2.38%), inorganic carbon (0.55%), organic carbon (~1.84%), total sulphur (~0.001%), nitrogen (~0.62%) and phosphate (~0.64%) are available in Kusheshwar-Asthan surface sediments. The study indicates wetlands are rich in nutrient for biological activities and are sufficient to support the biodiversity, but few locations are influenced by anthropogenic activities which cause the increase of sulphur, chloride, iron and lead.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank School of Environmental Sciences (SES), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, for providing valuable facility for sampling and analysis of water samples and thank Survey of India (SOI, New Delhi) and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD, New Delhi) for providing necessary data required for interpretation. At last, we would like to thank all my laboratory mates and authorities for providing necessary assistance during our research work in School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Thanks to all.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India

    Ravi Ranjan & A. L. Ramanathan

  2. Department of Chemistry/Chemical Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology (JUET), Guna, 473226, India

    Sunil Kumar Srivastava

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  1. Ravi Ranjan
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Correspondence to Sunil Kumar Srivastava.

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Ranjan, R., Srivastava, S.K. & Ramanathan, A.L. An assessment of the hydrogeochemistry of two wetlands located in Bihar State in the subtropical climatic zone of India. Environ Earth Sci 76, 16 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6330-x

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