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Companion Blog to: www.zoroastrianheritage.org & http://zoroastrianheritage.blogspot.com Zoroastrian (Persian) Astrology & CosmologyZoroastrian (Persian) Astrology & Cosmology Home Cosmos Zodiac Precession Ages/Millennia World Horoscope. Houses. Conjuntions Calendar Mithraeum Horoscope Qualities Images Occupants STARS & HEAVENLY BODIES: SUN, MOON, PLANETS, COMETS... & THEIR MOTION The Stars The Bundahishn Chapter 2 states that the stars (visible to the eye) number 6,480,000. Constellations of the Zodiac, the Dwazdah-Dkhtaran The twelve constellat ions, are: Varak (the ram) (Aries), Tora (the bull) (Taurus), Do-patkar (the two-f igures) (Gemini), Kalachang (the crab) (Cancer), Sher (the lion) (Leo), Khushak (ear of grain) (Virgo), Tarazhuk (the balance) (Libra), Gazdum (the scorpion) (Scorpio), Nimasp (the centaur) (Sagit tarius), Vahik/Nahazik (the lead goat ) (Capricorn), Dul (the water-pot ) (Aquarius), and Mahik (the f ish) (Pisces). Home Zoroastrian Heriatge Home page What is Zoroastrianism? Cosmos Zodiac Occupants Precession Ages/Millenia World Horoscope, Houses, Conjunctions Calendar Mithraeum Horoscope Qualit ies Images Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos - Note by Ashmand CONTENTS & LINKS 61,943 TOTAL PAGEVIEWS Zoroastrian Heritage Home Page RELATED LINKS K. E. Eduljee Author of Zoroastrian Heritage © Copyright. All rights reserved. Contact: enquiry@heritageinstitute.com View my complete prof ile BLOG OWNER Search SEARCH THIS BLOG TRANSLATE THIS PAGE Occupants 0ShareShare More Next Blog» Create Blog Sign In PDFmyURL.com Chief Stars of the Cardinal Point Sectors The chief stars of the cardinal point sectors are: Tishtar (Av. Tisht riya) (commonly ident if ied with Sirius), chief of the eastern sector and guardian of the rains (the direct ion f rom which the rains came in ancient Iran?), Sataves/Sadwes (Av. Satavesa) (Fomalhaut?), chief of the South, World Horoscope - Zaych-i Gehan Image credit: K. E. Eduljee, Zoroastrian Heritage Page Zoroastrian Heritage Blog Zoroaster Zarathushtra Zarathustra PDFmyURL.com Vanand (Av. Venant ) (Antares? Vega?), the chief of the West , Haptoring/Haf toreng (Av. Haptoiringa) (Ursa Major), the Seven Bears or Seven Thrones, is the chief of the North and it is f rom this region that the advesary entered. From each of the seven points, a band extends to each of the seven regions (cont inents) of the eart . Rapithwan, is the Lord of Mid-Heaven, the throne and the chiefs. The sector of the Great One is also called a gah, one of the f ive periods of the day. More specif ically it is the Rapithwan Gah, the period that lasts f rom noon to 3 p.m. during the seven warm Rapithwan months of the year. (Also see Divisions of the Day at our Zoroast rian Heritage page on the Calendar. Parand, Mazd-tat , and others on the list above are also chiefs of the direct ions. The Greater Bundahishn states "ast ronomers call these stars of the direct ions and sectors leaders, and classif y them according to magnitude based on size and brightness: f irst , second and third magnitude for big, medium and small." The GB (2.19) further states that "Tishtar, Besn, Taraha, Azara, Pateywar, and Pesh-Parviz are of very swif t mot ion." Lunar Mansions The spaces t raversed by the moon, generally called lunar 'mansions', are listed in the Bundahishn as the khurdak-i hamarikan, the 'sub-divisions of the calculators'. They are: Padevar, Pesh-Parviz, Parviz, Paha, Avesar (Aze-sar), Beshn, Rakhvad (Rakhvat ), Taraha, Avra (Azara), Nahn, Miyan (Maian), Avdem, Mashaha, Spur (Spor), Husru, Srob (Sroi), Nur, Gel (Gelu), Garafsha Varant , Gao, Goi, Muru, Bunda, Kahtsar, Vaht , Miyan (Mayan), and Kaht . According to E. W. West , SBE Vol 5, the sub-division Parviz is thought to include the Pleiades (Indian Nakshat ra Kt it t ika). This correspondence leads to the ident if icat ion of the f irst sub- division Padevar with Nakshat ra Ashvini. Further, Lesser Bundahishn Chapter 7.1 ment ions Avrak (Avra) as in the ninth sub-division. Heavenly Bodies Lesser Bundahishn 5.1; The seven heavenly bodies that correspond to/oppose the seven chiefs of the constellat ions are: Planet (abakhtar/abakharig or starag) Tir (Mercury) with Tishtar, chief of the East , PDFmyURL.com Planet Ohrmazd-i Ab (Jupiter) with Haptoring/Haf toreng, chief of the North*, Planet Warharan/Wahram-i Ab (Mars) with Vanand, chief of the West *, Planet Anahid-i Ab (Venus) with Sataves/Sadwes, chief of the South, Planet Kevan (Saturn) with the great one of the middle (peg) of the sky (i.e. North Star?), the lord of the chiefs, and Comets Gochihr and Mushpar, provided with tails unto the Sun and Moon. Mushpar is at tached to the Sun that it may do less harm. *B.T.Anklesaria's t ranslat ion of the Greater Bundahishn (GB) has these two associat ions t ransposed at 5A.3 and 4. GB 5.4 and 5A.3 note two dark bodies (tamigan - eclipses or ant ithesis?), the Dark Sun (Mihr-i Tamig) and Dark Moon as the ant ithesis of the Sun (Khwarsheed) and Moon (called Mah-i Gospand-Tomag, Moon of the seed of lif e/kine) respect ively. GB 5A.8: The planets are bound to the Sun: Jupiter, Saturn and Mars are bound at a distance of 180° f rom the Sun, Mercury at a distance of 1,860' (31°)*, and Venus at a distance of 2,831' (47°11') f rom the Sun.(*Prof . Henning emends the text to read 1,650'=27°30".) These f igures are surprisingly accurate. GB 5A.9: The planets are called abakhtaran because they are ne akhtar, not stars. Motion of the Planets. Orbits PDFmyURL.com Since the orbit s of the planets visible to the eye f rom the earth are approximately on the same plane, when they are observed f rom the earth, the planets also appear to move along or close to the eclipt ic. The Moon's orbit is t ilt ed by 5° with respect to the eclipt ic. Kinds of Motion There two two kinds of 'mot ion' ascribed to the planets, one is it s daily motion along the ecliptic f rom east to west . The other is the drif t or shif t in posit ion or segment in the sky an observer f inds the planet and the same t ime each night . This drif t or shif t in position relative to the stars appears to move the other way, that is f rom west to east. The east to west daily mot ion is due to the rotat ion of the earth around it s axis. The west to east drif t or shif t in posit ion is because of the orbit of the earth and planets around the Sun. While the observer may f ind the stars in approximately the same place the next night , shif t ing slowly f rom west to east over the year, the observer will f inds the planets have shif ted their relat ive posit ion towards the east more rapidly. For the observers in ancient t imes, this rapid shif t ing made the planets stand apart f rom the stars. In addit ion, some planets appeared to drif t or shif t faster than others and to complicate mat ters further, the direct ion of the shif t could change f rom west -east to east - west . This reversal in drif t ing or shif t ing is called ret rograde mot ion. Prograde or Direct Motion Planets o f the So lar System. Image Credit: Monarch Library PDFmyURL.com Since the visible planets also orbit the Sun in the same ant i-clockwise direct ion as do the earth, when seen f rom the earth, they also appear to t ravel in the same east to west direct ion as the Sun, Moon and stars. This east to west mot ion is called prograde or direct mot ion. In addit ion, planets further away f rom the Sun tend to make fewer orbit s around the Sun than do the inner planets. For instance, Jupiter (closer to the Sun) therefore make 2 1/2 rotat ions while Saturn (further f rom the Sun) makes one. From the earth, this makes it look like the inner planets are t ravelling faster. Sidereal Period When it comes to t ravelling through the twelve segments of the eclipt ic, the Sun passes through all the segments once a year, Jupiter passes through them once about every twelve years (actually 11 years 315 days = 11.862 years), and Saturn once every 30 years (actually 29 years 167 days = 29.458 years). The sidereal period of a planet is the t ime it takes for the planet to return to the same posit ion with respect to the stars, e.g. f rom one posit ion on it s orbit back to the same posit ion. Synodic Period The synodic period of a planet is the t ime it takes for the planet to return to the same posit ion with respect to the Sun, e.g. f rom an inferior conjunct ion with the Sun back to another inferior conjunct ion with the Sun. The Synodic period for Jupiter is 398.9 days while that for Saturn is 378.1 days. Retrograde Motion Direction o f the Orbits o f the So lar System's Planets. Mercury and Pluto have orbits inclined to the disc-like plane of the orbits o f the o ther planets Image credit: Science Clarified PDFmyURL.com Ever so of ten, a planet when viewed f rom the earth appears to change it s shif t ing mot ion f rom west -east to east -west . The east -west shif t is called ret rograde mot ion, ret rograde meaning a backward step. In the moving diagram f rom Science U above, the diagram to the lef t shows an exaggerated view of Venus (both in size and shif t speed) as seen f rom the earth on dif ferent nights of the year. The image on the right shows the corresponding posit ion of Venus and the Earth on their orbit s around the Sun. We see that f rom the posit ion represented by the fourth and f if th lines f rom the lef t to the posit ion represented by the ninth line, Venus appears to move f rom the lef t to the right (i.e. east to west ) while at other t imes it is shif t ing f rom west to east . Diagram of the cause o f Venus' retrograde motion when viewed from the earth. Image credit: Science U The retrograde motion o f Mars explained. Image credit: Wikipedia PDFmyURL.com As we have stated above, this east -west shif t is called ret rograde mot ion and happens at the point when the faster orbit ing Venus overtakes the Earth. The above is an example of when an inner planet to the Sun, Venus, appears to ret rograde it s shif t when viewed f rom Earth, the outer planet f rom the Sun. Mars, is a planet that has an orbit further away f rom the Sun than does the earth. When it is on the same side of the Sun as the Earth (see diagram to the right ), in other words when it is opposite the Sun (and therefore viewable at night ) in a so-called superior posit ion, it 's posit ional shif t in the night sky appears to ret rograde while the faster orbit ing earth 'overtakes' Mars. Ast rologers call posit ions 2, 3 and 4 in the diagrams to the lef t as Mars in ret rograde. Posit ion 1 and 5 are Mars in prograde or direct mot ion. According to Wikipedia, the more distant planets ret rograde more f requent ly: Mars ret rogrades for 72 days every 25.6 months. Jupiter for 121 days (about 4 months) every 13.1 months or about 9 months af ter the end of the previous ret rograde. Saturn for 138 days every 12.4 months. Uranus for 151 days every 12.15 months and The retrograde motion o f Mars as plo tted in the sky. Image credit: Wikipedia The apparent retrograde motion o f Mars in 2003 as plo tted in the sky. Image credit: Wikipedia PDFmyURL.com Neptune for 158 days every 12.07 months. The period between such ret rogradat ions is the synodic period of the planet (see above). Milky Way & Comets GB 5B 22: There is a feature (dakhshag) in the sky called Rah-i Kawosan (Path of Kayus) has the brilliance of the dragon (breh-i) Gochihr, the serpent of the cosmos. The myth of the abort ive f light of King Kayus to the heavens is recounted in the Denkard 9.21 and in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Elsewhere in Persian lit erature, the Milky Way is called (Rah-e) Kah-Kashan, the (path of the) chaf f -draggers. MacKenzie: The Milky Way crosses the eclipt ic roughly at the f irst points of Cancer and Capricorn, with it s own 'f irst points' in Gemini and Saggitarius and can also be thought of as a dragon or a serpent . The reappearance of the comet Gochihr will portend the commencement of the end t imes. Occupants o f the October night sky in the Northern Hemisphere Image Credit: starrysigns.com Recommend this on Google PDFmyURL.com Home Subscribe to: Posts (Atom) Copyright K. E. Eduljee, Zoroastrian Heritage. Picture Window template. Template images by sololos. Powered by Blogger. PDFmyURL.com