开局骗招与陷阱
2013-04-13 07:58阅读:
转自美国棋联网。作者:苏珊 波尔加
按:本文有棋友JXG的翻译了,链接是:
http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/s/blog_8040a4d00101c13k.html?vt=4
By GM Susan Polgar |
September 29, 2008 |
GM Susan Polgar. Photo by Jeffrey WeissAn
important opening idea
I believe that for most scholastic players (at least until
one reaches 1800 rating), very little specific opening knowledge is
needed. On the other hand, being familiar with as many tactical and
strategical ideas in the opening |
as possible can be very useful. This understanding can sometimes be
useful in various openings as positions can transpose.
In this column, we shall look at a famous and beautiful idea that
was invented by Mr. Legal a long time ago in the 18th
century.
Legal’s Mate
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 Bg4
Pinning the knight on f3 is often a good idea in similar positions,
but as a rule of thumb, I prefer to wait with it until after White
castles. The reason is that until then White by playing h2-h3,
Bg4-h5 and g2-g4 does not weaken the king’s position as the king
has not chosen yet to which side it will castle. Therefore,
queenside castling would still be an option.
4.Nc3
Now Black has to be careful not to fall into the famous trap.
4...Nc6 would not avoid the same trick either. 5.h3 Bh5? Of course,
here Black could still avoid material loss by either trading on f3
or by retreating with the bishop on the c8-h3 diagonal. However,
the whole idea of playing Bg4 was to create a pin over White’s
knight on f3.
And here comes the famous “Legal Mate” idea: 6.Nxe5! Amazingly
White can sacrifice the queen as after 6...Nxe5 at first it seems
that actually White has fallen into a trap as after (If 6...Bxd1 a
forced checkmate in two follows: 7.Bxf7+ Ke7 8.Nd5#) 7.Qxh5 Black
can capture White’s bishop on c4 by 7...Nxc4. In this case, White
has the final laugh after 8.Qb5+ forking Black’s king and knight!
8...c6 9.Qxc4 and it is White, who will be up a pawn at the end of
all tactics.
4...g6?
Black’s best choice would have been 4...Nf6. The upcoming
combination is possible due to fact that Black’s light squared
bishop is on an unprotected
square.
5.Nxe5!! Bxd1
This leads to an immediate loss. After 5...dxe5 White simply would
capture Black’s Bishop with 6.Qxg4 winning a pawn. But that would
have been Black’s best option anyway at this
point.
6.Bxf7+ Ke7 7.Nd5#
A picturesque gorgeous checkmate!
As we shall see, the same theme can also arise from totally
different openings.
Vucinic - Durovic
Yugoslavia, 1984
1.e4 Nf6 2.Nc3 d5 3.exd5 Nxd5
The game started out as an Alekhine defense, but now it resembles
the Scandinavian defense more.
4.Bc4 Nb6
If 4...Nxc3 White can avoid doubled pawns (by b2xc3 or d2xc3)
thanks to the intermediate move 5.Qf3 threatening Black’s f7 pawn
and after 5...e6 6.Qxc3.
5.Bb3 e5?!
I would prefer the more solid 5...e6 lessening the power of White’s
light- squared bishop.
6.d3 Nc6
7.Nf3 Bg4
Generally if this kind of pin cannot be maintained (as we shall see
in this game) it makes no sense to create it in the first place.
8.h3 Bh5?
Again Black should have either traded on f3 or retreated back along
the c8-h3 diagonal. Now we shall see a more complex version of
Legal’s idea.
9.Nxe5!!
A brilliancy!! In this position, by White sacrificing his queen, he
had to foresee more than ten moves ahead!
9...Bxd1
After 9...Nxe5 the answer would be 10.Qxh5 leaving Black a pawn
down. It would still be better for Black than what happened in the
game.
10.Bxf7+ Ke7 11.Bg5+
Unlike in the previous example, Nd5 does not make sense here.
11...Kd6
12.Ne4+!
This is an impressive
way to continue the “king-chase” by sacrificing another knight.
Capturing Black’s queen by 12.Bxd8? is not the right idea, as after
12...Nxe5 Black stays ahead, as both white bishops are under
attack.
12...Kxe5 13.f4+ Kd4
So far so good, but White is running out of checks...and pieces.
14.Rxd1!
A quiet move, being a queen down! Impressive! After 14.Bxd8 Bxc2 or
14.c3+ Kxd3 15.Rxd1+ Kxe4 Black would win
easily.
14...Qxg5
In another game which reached this very same position, Black tried
14...Nb4 but White won quickly after 15.c3+ Ke3 and 16.0–0!,
threatening checkmate with Rf1–e1. (But not 16.Rf1?? allowing Black
to checkmate with 16...Nc2#) 16...Nxd3 17.Ng3. Another quiet move,
threatening Rf1–f3 checkmate and Black resigned (Rozentalis -
Mikenas, Vilnius, 1981).
If Black tries to save the queen by (for example) 14...Qd7 White
can checkmate in two moves elegantly...can you see how?
The answer is: 15.c3+ Ke3 16.f5#.
15.c3+
Chasing Black’s king further into White’s territory. 15.fxg5
would open up a retreat square on e5, while 15.Nxg5 opens one on
c5, giving the black king the opportunity to escape safely from the
middle of the board.
15...Ke3
16.0-0
This is the best choice, threatening checkmate in three with Rf3+
Ke2, Rd2+ Ke1, and Rf1 checkmate!
16.fxg5 also was good enough to win: 16...Kf4 17.0-0+ Ke5 18.d4+
Kxe4 19.Rf3 followed by
Rd1-e1.
16...Qh4
Black could have delayed the end a bit longer by 16...Nd4 but not
change the end result of the game.
17.Rf3+ Ke2
18.Rd2+ 1-0
As I have often stated before, it is more important for young
players to understand opening ideas rather than to memorize long
variations. Also, don’t forget to improve your tactics and endgame.
I offer free chess puzzles daily on my blog,
www.susan polgar.blogspot.com
, as well as my SPICE
website,http://www.depts.ttu. edu/spice/
. Try to solve them daily and please feel
free to let me know how you are doing by sending me an e-mail at
SusanPolgar@aol.com. Good luck!