Bilevel learningSubmitted to the editors DATE. \fundingThis work was funded by EPSRC through a grant with reference EP/X040909/1, and in part by the ...
(Pop\text{P}_{\text{op}}) minx∈Xλφo(x)+(1−λ)φp(x),\underset{x\in X}{\min}~\lambda\varphi_{\text{o}}(x)+(1-\lambda)\varphi_{\text{p}}(x), withλ∈[0,1]\lambda\in[0,\,1]denoting the degree of cooperation between the upper- and lower-level players[ ]. In problem ( Pop\text{P}_{\text{op}}), the functionsφo\varphi_{\text{o}}andφp\varphi_{...